How to Scan and Mark Latin Poetry

To learn to scan a line of Latin poetry, it helps to know the meter and to use a text that shows the macrons. Lets assume you have a text of the beginning of The Aeneid with macrons. Since it is an ancient epic, The Aeneid is in dactylic hexameters, which is a meter the AP exams typically expect you to know. Find the Long Syllables First, you mark all syllables that are long by nature. Syllables that are long by nature are those with diphthongs, ae, au, ei, eu, oe, and ui. Those syllables with macrons over the vowels are long by nature. For simplicity, a circumflex will be used for a macron here. (Macrons are usually long marks †¾ over the vowels, but you use the long mark †¾ over the syllables vowel to mark the syllable as long when you scan your lines.) Tip: For an AP exam, the help offered by the macron will probably not be available, so when you use a Latin dictionary to look up a word, make note of the long vowels. 3 Consecutive Vowels If there are 3 vowels in a row:and there is a macron over one of the vowels, it is not part of the diphthong; thus, dià ªÃƒ ®, which has two macrons, has no diphthongs. Dià ªÃƒ ® has 3 syllables: di, à ª, and à ®.and the second and third vowels form a diphthong, the preceding vowel is short. (This 1st vowel is also short if there are 2 vowels that do not form a diphthong.)Next, find and mark as long all the syllables that are long by position. Double Consonants Those syllables in which the vowel is followed by two consonants (one or both of which may be in the next syllable) are long by position.A syllable that ends in X or (sometimes) Z is long by position because X or (sometimes) Z counts as a double consonant. Extra Linguistic Information: The 2 consonant sounds are [k] and [s] for X and [d] and [z] for Z.However, ch, ph, and th do not count as double consonants. They are the equivalent of the Greek letters Chi, Phi, and Theta.For qu and sometimes gu, the u is really a glide [w] sound rather than a vowel, but it doesnt make the q or g into a double consonant.When the second consonant is an l or an r, the syllable may or may not be long by position. When the l or r is the first consonant, it counts towards the position. Extra Linguistic Information: The consonants [l] and [r] are called liquids and are more sonorant (closer to vowels) than stop consonants [p] [t] and [k]. Glides are even more sonorant.When a word ends in a vowel or a vowe l followed by an m and the first letter of the next word is a vowel or the letter h, the syllable ending in a vowel or an m elides with the next syllable, so you dont mark it separately. You may put a line through it.Extra Linguistic Information: The [h] counts as aspiration or rough breathing in Greek, rather than a consonant. Scan a Line of Latin Lets look at an actual line of Latin: Arma virumque canà ´, Trà ´iae quà ® prà ®mus ab à ´rà ®s Can you find the 7 syllables that are long by nature? There are 6 macrons and 1 diphthong. Mark them all as long. Here they are bolded; syllables are separated from each other: Ar-ma vi-rum-que ca- nà ´, Trà ´-iae quà ® prà ®-mus ab à ´-rà ®s Notice that in Trà ´iae there is a diphthong, a macron, and an i in between. More Information: This intervocalic i acts as a consonant (j), rather than a vowel. How Many Syllables Are Long by Position? There are only 2: Ar-maThe two consonants are r and m.vi-rum-quethe two consonants are m and q. Here is the line with all the long syllables noted: Ar-ma vi-rum-que ca-nà ´, Trà ´-iae quà ® prà ®-mus ab à ´-rà ®s Mark According to the Known Meter Since you already know this is an epic and in the meter called dactylic hexameter, you know you should have 6 feet (hexa-) of dactyls. Dactyl is a long syllable followed by two shorts, which is exactly what you have at the start of the line: Ar-ma vi-You may put short marks over the 2 short syllables. (If you arent bolding the long syllables, you should mark the shorts, perhaps with a Ï…, and mark the longs with a long mark †¾ over them: †¾Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¦.) This is the first foot. You should put a line (|) after it to mark the foots end.The next and all succeeding feet begin with a long syllable as well. It looks as though the second foot is as simple as the first:rum-que ca-The second foot is just like the first. No problem so far, but then look what comes next. Its all long syllables:nà ´, Trà ´-iae quà ® prà ®Have no fear. There is an easy solution here. One long syllable is the equivalent of 2 shorts. (Mind you, you cant use two shorts for the start of a dactyl.) Therefore, a dactyl can be long, short, short, or long, long and thats what weve got. The long, long syllable is called a spondee, so technically, you should say that a spondee can substitute for a dactyl.nà ´, Trà ´iae quà ® and then prà ® b ecomes the long syllable in a regular dactyl:prà ®-mus ab We just need one more syllable to make the 6 dactyls of a line of dactylic hexameter. What we have left is the same pattern we saw for the 3rd and 4th feet, two longs:à ´-rà ®sOne extra bonus is that it doesnt matter whether the final syllable is long or short. The final syllable is an anceps. You can mark the anceps with an x.Tip: This customary †¾ x final foot makes it possible to work backward from the last two syllables  if the passage is tricky. You have now scanned a line of dactylic hexameter: Ar-ma vi-|rum-que ca-|nà ´, Trà ´-|iae quà ® |prà ®-mus ab| à ´-rà ®s†¾Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¦ | †¾Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¦ | †¾ †¾ | †¾ †¾ |†¾Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¦ |†¾x Line With Elision The third line of the first book of The Aeneid offers examples of elision twice in succession. If you are speaking the lines, you dont pronounce the italicized elided parts. Here, the syllable with the ictus is marked with an acute accent and the long syllables are bolded, as above: là ­-to-ra | mà ºl- tum il-| le à ©t ter-| rà ­s jac-| tà ¡-tus et| à ¡l- to†¾Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¦ | †¾ †¾ | †¾ †¾ | †¾ †¾ |†¾Ãâ€¦Ãâ€¦ |†¾xSyllables Read: li-to-ra-mul-til-let-ter-ris-jac-ta-tus-et-al-to References: Guide to Scansion of Latin PoetryGildersleeves Latin Grammar

An Analysis On Financial Struggles - 1122 Words

College Admissions: An Analysis on Financial Struggles As inflation in the United States continues to rise, as does the cost of many things, specifically college fees. In a world such as the one we live in today, it is extremely hard to attain a successful career without a college degree. Although, one may end up spending their entire life trying to pay off their college debts in order to get a degree. While the knowledge and skills attained during college are extremely beneficial later on in life, many students are unable to go to college due to financial issues. The prices have skyrocketed and left many graduates in debt for years later. Many high school students who plan to attend college in the future, often work an after school job in order to get the money they will be needing for college. College is so expensive due to the tuition as well as room and board with all the necessities and one way I have made financial plans for college is by working an after school job. Tuition for colleges varies between every state and school, but m ost are quite expensive. Especially, if one plans to attend college out of the state they are residing in. It has been calculated that the average annual cost of study in the United States is between $20,000 and $35,000. Evidently, college tuition is already high, but the level and location of the college can also increase this expense. Tution itself is already pricey, but there are also many fees that must be included. For example, evenShow MoreRelatedThe Return Of Depression Economics1437 Words   |  6 Pagesroots of modern and prior financial crisis economics. In his book, The Return of Depression Economics and The Crisis of 2008, Krugman first educates the reader of historical and foreign financial crises which allows for a deeper understanding of the modern financial system. 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Effects Of The Shock On Different Systems â€Myassignmenrthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effects Of The Shock On Different Systems? Answer: Introduction Patient Maureen, 77 years old an Australian woman. Presents with what seems to be in the progressive phase of hypovolemic shock. The symptoms she presents are as a result of the effects of the shock on the different systems. The respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, renal and hepatic systems. The breathing is at 28 breaths per minute. This breath must be shallow as the saturation level of oxygen is undetectable. The heart rate is at 120 beats a minute. Despite this high beats the systolic blood pressure is at 80mmHg. There is evidence of vasoconstriction on the skin as the capillary fill lasts more than 4seconds. This is a classical evidence of shunting as the blood flow is redirected to other vital organs. She presents with hypovolemia. The hemoglobin levels are below average. The blood cells are also below the average. She has signs of ascites and vomits blood which is a huge contributor of fluid volume deficiency. The vomiting is as a result of ulcers on the gastrointestinal as a result of the vasoconstriction. She is also on diclofenac which worsens the ulcers because of its pharmacodynamics. She is pale and unconscious all this points to hypovolemic shock. Physiology of normal fluid balance/distribution. Brunner and Saddarth (2013), states that around 60% of an adults body weight is composed of fluids, that is, water and electrolytes. This amount is not fixed. It ranges from one person to the other. Gender, age, and body fats are some of the factors that determine the amount of body fluid. Lewis et al (2014), from the book it has been researched and proven that men have more body fluids that women, Young people has more fluids when compared with old people and the obese people have less water. (Sloan 2013), According to the book, the body fluids are located in two compartments. The intracellular fluid, that is, the fluid in the cells and the extracellular space. Barret et al (2017), further classifies this compartment. According to them, the intracellular holds two-thirds of the fluids while the extracellular holds the remaining third. They go on explaining that the extracellular fluid is further divided into interstitial, intravascular and trans cellular fluids. The fluid volume is maintained by the body. The body is equipped with mechanisms to help it balance the fluids. The homeostasis mechanisms. These include the kidney function. The heart and blood vessels function, lung functions, pituitary function, renin angiotensin aldosterone system, parathyroid function, Anti-diuretic hormone and thirst, baroreceptors and the osmoreceptors. These mechanisms ensure that there is a fluid balance because if this balance gets altered it can cause a lot of harm. Hypovolemia Brunner and Saddarth (2013), explains that hypovolemia or fluid volume deficit takes place when extracellular fluid volume loss exceeds the volume of the fluid intake. The water and the electrolytes are lost in the same proportion making a deficit in both the extracellular and the intracellular. Marcin (2016), adds that there is a difference between dehydration and hypovolemia. In dehydration, water is the only thing lost. Fluid volume deficit is accelerated with decreased intake of water. Causes of fluid volume deficit other than inadequate water intake include; vomiting, sweating, diarrhea, gastrointestinal suctioning, Beck, (2015). If the homeostasis mechanisms, for example, the kidney functions are impaired due to a disease, this could cause the fluid volume deficit. A patient with fluid volume deficit has the following presentations: they have an acute weight loss, their skin turgor is decreased, they have oliguria, this small amount of urine is highly concentrated, they present with hypovolemia, their heart rates are fast but weak, the neck veins are flattened, they have increased temperature, their central venous pressure is decreased, they are cool, they have clammy skin due to the vasoconstriction of the vessels peripherally, they are thirsty have muscle cramps and weakness. If this condition is not reversed it can worsen and cause shock which in turn causes death. Shock Mikhail (2015), Defines shock as a condition that is life threatening. It is usually as a result of inadequate perfusion of tissues. If untreated it causes death. The systemic blood pressure is unable/inadequate in delivering the required amount of oxygen and nutrients to enhance cellular and vital organ function, Balk (2015), Inadequate perfusion ( inadequate oxygen and nutrients), this causes cellular starvation, this progresses to cell death, in turn it causes organ dysfunction which progresses to organ failure and later on death. As mentioned shock is fatal. It progresses rapidly or slowly and it affects all body systems. Hypovolemic shock Jindal et al., (2014), hypovolemic shock is the most common which results in a decrease of 15%-25% of intravascular volume. As mentioned earlier intravascular fluid represents the blood which is an extracellular fluid. The percentage will present a loss of 750 ml to 1300ml of blood given that in a normal physiological man weighing 70kgs has 5lts to 6lt of blood. Hypovolemic shock can be caused by external fluid losses. This could be a traumatic loss of blood (internal bleeding, a wound, GIT bleeding) or internal fluid shift which could be as a result of severe edema, severe dehydration, ascites. Rauen and Munron, (2016), they vividly explain how hypovolemic shock occurs. It starts when there is a deficit in the intravascular fluid. This deficit causes a decrease in the venous return. Due to this reduction, there is a reduced ventricular refilling which in turns causes a reduction in stroke volume and cardiac output. When this happens the blood pressure drops. This compromises the tis sue perfusion which progresses to death. The manifestation of the patient depends on which stage they are in. Stages of hypovolemic shock as per the physical assessment (ABCDE) Through the assessment of airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure, there are three stages of shock. All systems are assessed. The cardiovascular; that is the systolic blood pressure and the heart rate. The respiratory system checks the breathing rate. The skin for warmth and liver function. The kidney functions. All this are checked up and the findings helps categorize the patient. The first stage is compensatory. The body tries to normalize the fluids. At this phase, the body displays the normal fight or flight response. The heart rate increases, vasoconstriction occurs, the hearts contractility increases, there is a shunt of blood flow to other organs. Blood is redirected to the vital organs, that is, the brain, liver, and kidney. This makes the patients skin feel cold and clammy. The patients blood pressure is normal at this stage, heart rate is above 100 beats per minute, the respiratory rates is above 20breaths per minute, there is reduced urinary output, the pat ient is confused, laboratory findings reveal respiratory alkalosis. At this stage, the body does its best to have a homeostasis. If it is not restored the shock progresses to the next phase which is the progressive stage. Abraham et al., (2015), at this stage the body systems are unable to maintain the blood pressure. The blood pressure falls beyond the average range of the systolic blood pressure. It falls beyond 90 mm Hg. The manifestation of shock at this stage is usually due to two things. One the overworking heart becomes dysfunctional hence poor/ no perfusion to the muscles. This brings about ischemia. Two, the microcirculation auto regulatory function fails because of the biochemical mediators. This makes the venous and arterioles to constrict making the perfusion poorer, Kumar and Haery (2014). The systolic blood pressure is below 80mmHg. The heart rate is above 150beats per minute. The breathing is shallow, rapid and with crackles. The skin has petechial and is mottled. The urinary output is 0.5ml/kg/hr. The patient is lethargic. Lab findings reveal metabolic acidosis. This is the stage where patient Maureen is at. Airway is being compromised by the nervous system as she is semiconscious. Breathing rate is very high although the breaths are shallow. Circulation is not normal as the capillary refill time has lengthen, skin is pale and cold and systolic pressure is at 80mmHg. Disability the patient is at risk of death as circulation and breathing has been compromised. Exposure, her organ are exposed to death if this stage is not reversed. If this stage is not reversed the patient progresses to irreversible phase. At this stage, the cell damage is so severe. The patient is not responsive to any treatment. The patient cannot survive. The patient presents with jaundice due to liver failure. They require mechanical or pharmacological support for the heart function. They require intubation for breathing. They have anuria and requires dialysis. They are uncon scious and have a profound acidosis. The heart rate is erratic or asystole. Patient Maureen Interventions using ISBAR ISBAR stands for: identification, situation, background, assessment and recommendation. I, Mary, a registered nurse, rotating at the casualty and emergency ward, have assessed patient Maureen. She appears to be in progressive stage of hypovolemic shock. The following are identifies as to why she is in shock. One, her airway/breathing is compromised. She is semiconscious so she requires assistance in breathing. Her breathing rate is so high and her breaths are shallow. Her systolic blood pressure is at 80mmHg. It is hypovolemic shock because she has signs of low hemoglobin count. From the lab investigations her hemoglobin was at 9g/l. She lost blood from vomiting. Has signs of ascites which causes fluid imbalance. The interventions or recommendations that are most appropriate for patient Maureen will be targeting the following. One is to optimize the intravascular volume. The second target is to support the pumping function of the heart. The third thing is to improve the competence an d functioning of the vascular system. Fourth is to redistribute the fluid volume and lastly is to find a solution to what is causing the fluid volume deficit. If it is vomiting, anti-emetics will be administered. If it is fluid intake deficiency, fluid replacement therapy is done. Choi et al, (2015), for shock management fluid replacement is necessary so as to restore intravascular volume. This includes fluids like 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringers solution. Fein and Calalang (2015), vasoactive medications are important in restoring the vasomotor tone and improving the functioning of the heart. This drug includes, sympathomimetic, vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Nutritional support is required to take care of metabolic deficiency. During the compensation phase, there was a release of catecholamine's which causes depletion of the stored glycogen. Administration of nutrients is administered as soon as possible. Anti-acids and histamine blockers are administered to help with the stress ulcers. Conclusion From the above, it is clear how hypovolemia develops. How it progresses to hypovolemic shock. The stages of the hypovolemic shock and the manifestations at each stage clarifying why they occur. The organ systems effects during shock. The role of a nurse during shock. With all that knowledge it was easy to relate it to the case study that was presented. Maureen is at progressive shock stage. She has all the signs and symptoms. The shock could have resulted from the effects of the medications she is on. They could have caused stomach ulcers which caused blood loss. The other possible cause is the ascites. The interventions were mentioned and if followed to the later the patient might be able to recover. References Abraham, E., Matthay, M. A., Dinarello, C. A., et al. (2014). Consensus conference definitions for hypovolemia, hypovolemic shock, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Time for a reevaluation. Critical Care Medicine, 28 (1), 232235 Balk, R. A. (2015). Pathogenesis and management of multiple organ dysfunctions or failure in severe hypovolemia and hypovolemic shock. Critical Care Clinics, 16(2), 337351. Barrett, E., Barman, M., Boitano, S., (2017) Ganongs review of medical physiology. Lange basic science. 24th edition. Beck, L. H. (2015). The aging kidney. Defending a delicate balance of fluid and electrolytes. Geriatrics, 55(4), 2628, 3132. Brunner and Suddarth, (2013). Textbook of medical and surgical nursing, 13th edition Choi, P. T., Yip, G., Quinonez, L. G., Cook, D. J. (2014). Crystalloids vs. colloids in fluid resuscitation: A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine, 27(1), 200209. Fein, A. M., Calalang-Colucci, M. G. (2014). Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in sepsis and septic shock. Critical Care Clinics, 16(2), 289313. Guyton, A. C. (2015). Textbook of medical physiology (13th ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Jindal, N., Hollenberg, S. M., Dellinger, R. P. (2015). Pharmacologic issues in the management of hypovolemic shock. Critical Care Clinics, 16(2), 233248. Kreimeier, U. (2016). Pathophysiology of fluid imbalance. Critical Care (London), 8, Suppl 2:S3S7. Kumar, A., Haery, C., Parrillo, J. E. (2015). Myocardial dysfunction in hypovolemic shock. Critical Care Clinics, 16(2), 251281 Lewis, l., Dirksen, R., McLean, M., (2013) medical-surgical nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems, 8th edition. Marcin, J., (2016). Hypovolemic shock. Medical review journal. 21st edition. McKinley, M. G. (2014). Shock, Introduction to critical care nursing (10th ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. Mikhail, J. (2015). Resuscitation endpoints in trauma. AACN Clinical Issues, 32(1), 1021. Rauen, C. A., Munro, N. (2015). Shock. In M. R. Kinney, S. B. Dunbar, J. A. Brooks-Brunn, N. Moleter, J. M. Vitello-Cicciu (Eds.), (2013). AACNs clinical reference for critical care nursing (12th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Vincent, J. L., Ferreira, F. L. (2016). Evaluation of organ failure: We are making progress. Intensive Care Medicine, 26(6), 1023 1024

Value and Fast Food Customers free essay sample

What situation did Skinner inherit when he became CEO? What are the current forces in the external environment that affect Skinner’s ongoing strategy? 2. What source of competitive advantage does McDonald’s have, and is that position supported by its value chain and other internal resources? -Inherit the previous CEO Cantalupo’s turnaround strategy. This strategy referred as the †Plan to win† tried to target various critical areas that needed to be addressed. -Rapid market fragmentation, which is describing the changes of consumer taste have made once-exotic foods like sushi and burritos everyday options. Many fast food customers are looking for healthier and better tasting food. Moreover, competitions has been coming from quick meals of all sorts that can be found in supermarkets, convenience stores and vending machines. Demographic customers now working around theclock, expecting 24 hour access  to fast food, how toplease range of customers from kids to  contractors? Sociocultural customers preferences have changed tomore exotic foods, healthier food with better taste Economic current economic downturn means customers might be trading down  to McDonald’s if  they ant to eat out Global boundaries are disappearing, travelers moreopen to global consistency in food offerings GoldenArches are accepted, and expected, everywhere 2. Cost leadership has been the traditional strategy for thefast- food industry, but McDonald’s kept costs under control in order to achieve parity with competitors -McDonald’s tried to develop a differentiationadvantagewhile keeping costs at a reasonable level -Differentiation requires the creation of something that isperceived industry-wide as unique and valued bycustomers -Differentiation s achieved by a firm configuring  its valuechain activities to support its position so customers arewilling to pay a premium for something unique – could McDonald’s do this effectively? Value-Chain  Analysis: -Sequential process of value-creating activities -The amount that buyers are willing  to pay forwhat a firm provides them -Value is measured by total revenue -Firm is profitable to  the extent the value itreceives exceeds the total costs involved increating its product or service Value  ChainActivity How does McDonald’s create value? Primary: Inbo und  logistics: Hard  to  assess Operations:   Strived  for  consistency  across  the  chain,  withdiffering results. Refurbishing of restaurants,change in hours may help draw customers. Outbound  logistics:   Hard  to  assess Marketing and sales: Many product innovations failed, $1 menu  didn’t go well with franchisees. I’m Loving It campaign was attempt to reach all customers. Service:   Hard  to  assess Value  ChainActivity How does McDonald’s create value? Secondary: Procurement:   Info  not  available  in  the  case Technology development: Adoption of expensive cooking processesfailed to generate desired results.

Biography of William Walker, Yankee Imperialist

Biography of William Walker, Yankee Imperialist William Walker (May 8, 1824–September 12, 1860) was an American adventurer and soldier who served as president of Nicaragua from 1856 to 1857. He tried to gain control over most of Central America  but failed and was executed by firing squad in 1860 in Honduras. Fast Facts: William Walker Known For: Invading and taking over Latin American countries (known as filibustering)Also Known As: General Walker; the grey-eyed man of destinyBorn: May 8, 1824 in Nashville, TennesseeParents: James Walker, Mary NorvellDied: September 12, 1860 in Trujillo, HondurasEducation: University of Nashville, University of Edinburgh,  University of Heidelberg, University of PennsylvaniaPublished Works: The War in Nicaragua Early Life Born into a distinguished family in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 8, 1824, William Walker was a child genius. He graduated from the University of Nashville at the top of his class at the age of 14. By the time he was 25, he had a degree in medicine and another in law and was legally allowed to practice as both a doctor and lawyer. He also worked as a publisher and journalist. Walker was restless, taking a long trip to Europe and living in Pennsylvania, New Orleans, and San Francisco in his early years. Although he stood only 5-foot-2, Walker had a commanding presence and the charisma to spare. The Filibusters In 1850, Venezuelan-born Narciso Lopez led a group of mostly American mercenaries in an assault on Cuba. The goal was to take over the government and later attempt to become part of the United States. The state of Texas, which had broken off from Mexico a few years before, was an example of a region of a sovereign nation that had been taken over by Americans before gaining statehood. The practice of invading small countries or states with the intention of causing independence was known as filibustering. Although the U.S. government was in full expansionist mode by 1850, it frowned on filibustering as a way to expand the nations borders. Assault on Baja California Inspired by the examples of Texas and Lopez, Walker set out to conquer the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California, which at that time were sparsely populated. With only 45 men, Walker marched south and promptly captured La Paz, the  capital of Baja California. Walker renamed the state the Republic of Lower California, later to be replaced by the Republic of Sonora, declared himself president, and applied the laws of the State of Louisiana, which included legalized slavery. Back in the United States, word of his daring attack had spread. Most Americans thought Walkers project was a great idea. Men lined up to volunteer to join the expedition. Around this time, he got the nickname the gray-eyed man of destiny. Defeat in Mexico By early 1854, Walker had been reinforced by 200 Mexicans who believed in his vision and another 200 Americans from San Francisco who wanted to get in on the ground floor of the new republic. But they had few supplies, and discontent grew. The Mexican government, which could not send a large army to crush the invaders, nevertheless was able to muster up enough of a force to skirmish with Walker and his men a couple of times and keep them from getting too comfortable in La Paz. In addition, the ship that had carried him to Baja California sailed off against his orders, taking many of his supplies with it. In early 1854, Walker decided to roll the dice and march on the strategic city of Sonora. If he could capture it, more volunteers and investors would join the expedition. But many of his men deserted, and by May he had only 35 men left. He crossed the border and surrendered to American forces there, never having reached Sonora. On Trial Walker was tried in San Francisco in federal court on charges of violating United States neutrality laws and policies. Popular sentiment was still with him, however, and he was acquitted of all charges by a jury after only eight minutes of deliberating. He returned to his law practice, convinced that he would have succeeded with more men and supplies. Nicaragua Within a year, Walker was back in action. Nicaragua was a rich, green nation that had one great advantage: in the days before the  Panama Canal, most shipping went through Nicaragua along a route that led up the San Juan River from the Caribbean, across Lake Nicaragua and then overland to the port of Rivas. Nicaragua was in the throes of a civil war between the cities of Granada and Leon to determine which city would have more power. Walker was approached by the Leon faction- which was losing- and soon rushed to Nicaragua with some 60 well-armed men. Upon landing, he was reinforced with another 100 Americans and almost 200 Nicaraguans. His army marched on Granada and captured it in October 1855. Because he was already considered supreme general of the army, he had no trouble declaring himself president. In May 1856, U.S. President  Franklin Pierce  officially recognized Walkers government. Defeat in Nicaragua Walker had made many enemies in his conquest. Greatest among them was perhaps  Cornelius Vanderbilt, who controlled an international shipping empire. As president, Walker revoked Vanderbilts rights to ship through Nicaragua. Vanderbilt was enraged and sent soldiers to oust him. Vanderbilts men were joined by those of other Central American nations, chiefly Costa Rica, who feared that Walker would take over their countries. Walker had overturned Nicaraguas anti-slavery laws and made English the official language, which angered many Nicaraguans. In early 1857 the Costa Ricans invaded, supported by Guatemala,  Honduras, and El Salvador, as well as Vanderbilts money and men. Walkers army was defeated at the Second Battle of Rivas, and he was forced to return once again to the United States. Honduras Walker was greeted as a hero in the U.S., particularly in the South. He wrote a book about his adventures, resumed his law practice, and began making plans to try again to take Nicaragua, which he still believed to be his. After a few false starts, including one in which U.S. authorities captured him as he set sail, he landed near Trujillo, Honduras, where he was captured by the British Royal Navy. Death The British already had important colonies in Central American in British Honduras, now Belize, and the Mosquito Coast, in present-day Nicaragua, and they did not want Walker stirring up rebellions. They turned him over to Honduran authorities, who executed him by firing squad on Sept. 12, 1860. It is reported that in his final words he asked for clemency for his men, assuming the responsibility of the Honduras expedition himself. He was 36 years old. Legacy Walkers filibusters had a significant impact on southerners interested in maintaining slave-owning territory; even after his death, his example inspired the Confederacy. Central American countries, by contrast, saw their defeat of Walker and his armies as a source of pride. In Costa Rica, April 11 is celebrated as a national holiday to commemorate Walkers defeat at Rivas. Walker has also been the subject of several books and two movies. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"William Walker.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 Mar. 2019.Levrier-Jones, George. â€Å"Man of Destiny: William Walker and the Conquest of Nicaragua.† History Is Now Magazine, 24 Apr. 2018.Norvell, John Edward, How Tennessee Adventurer William Walker became Dictator of Nicaragua in 1857: The Norvell Family origins of the Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny, The Middle Tennessee Journal of Genealogy and History, Vol XXV, No.4, Spring 2012

Chemistry Definition of Gas Constant (R)

Chemistry Definition of Gas Constant (R) Chemistry and physics equations commonly include R, which is the symbol for  the gas constant, molar gas constant, or universal gas constant. The Gas Constant is the physical constant in the equation for the Ideal Gas Law: PV nRT P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, and T is temperature. Its also found in the Nernst equation relating the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential: E   E0  - (RT/nF)lnQ E is the cell potential, E0 is the standard cell potential, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, n is the number of mole of electrons exchanged, F is Faradays constant, and Q is the reaction quotient. The gas constant is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, just expressed in units of energy per temperature per mole, while the Boltzmann constant is given in terms of energy per temperature per particle. From a physical standpoint, the gas constant is a proportionality constant that related the energy scale to the temperature scale for a mole of particles at a given temperature. Units for the gas constant vary, depending on other units used in the equation. One common value is  8.3145 J/mol ·K. Value of the Gas Constant The value of the gas constant R depends on the units used for pressure, volume and temperature. R 0.0821 liter ·atm/mol ·KR 8.3145 J/mol ·KR 8.2057 m3 ·atm/mol ·KR 62.3637 L ·Torr/mol ·K or L ·mmHg/mol ·K Why R Is Used for the Gas Constant Some people assume the symbol R is used for the gas constant in honor of the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, who performed experiments that were first used to determine the constant. However, its unclear whether his name is the true origin of the convention used to denote the constant. Specific Gas Constant A related factor is the specific gas constant or individual gas constant. This may be indicated by R or Rgas. It is the universal gas constant divided by the molar mass (M) of a pure gas or mixture. This constant is specific to the particular gas or mixture (hence its name), while the universal gas constant is the same for an ideal gas.

Unmanned aerial vehicles future use from conventional airports Research Paper

Unmanned aerial vehicles future use from conventional airports - Research Paper Example The army is already surveying sites for these field tests of the system and also looking at the new means of certifying the new aviation standards that are required to ensure the safety of the system not only for other aircraft sharing the airspace as well as populations living near or around the airfields (InsideDefense.com, 2012). Social Implications When we look at the social implications of the use of drones, there has been a great deal of debate about the use of these aircraft for peacetime activities. While initially when the use of these crafts was limited to military strikes in places like Afghanistan and Iraq, the huge possibilities for their use in non-military situations – such as in crop and wildlife stock monitoring, search and rescue in dangerous weather and other conditions, fighting forest fires – has resulted in a great deal of debate about how their use would be regulated and monitored, particularly for reasons of safety. The UAV business is now valued at more than $14 billion and projections are that it will go up to $82 million and support over 70,000 jobs by 2015 (Jank & Armentrout, 2013). Another reason that has come up in the regulation of the use of UAVs has been the issue of privacy (Sengupta, 2013). UAVs can be used in monitoring border security from altitudes that would otherwise be dangerous for manned aircraft and this brings about many issues about the invasion of privacy as these UAVs are equipped with sophisticated imaging equipment that can carry out detailed surveillance and some even have capability of intercepting electronic communications (Electronic Privacy Information Centre, n.d.) These social and privacy concerns have to be dealt with before widespread use of drone technology is licensed and...The use of UAVs not only in civilian applications but also at conventional commercial airfields is now not a question of â€Å"if† but â€Å"when† as the technological, commercial and other barriers that hinder the expanded use of UAVs continue to be surmounted and overtaken. Technological Aspects One of the key technological barriers to the use of UAVs in more conventional flights has been the safety of these operations. The major difficulty has been that with conventional manned air transportation the presence of a pilot who can look outside his window and see any other aircraft that is near in the same area as them and take corrective action. This drawback has not only made it difficult for the UAVs to be used in the same airspace with other craft but it has also meant that the test and training flights of these UAVs have had to have a trailing manned aircraft making it expensive to conduct such training and in a way, defeating the whole purpose of unmanned aircraft. There are quite a slew of things that do need to be implemented before the UAVs can be incorporated into operation in the airspace currently occupied by manned aircraft, in particular the adaptation of air traffic management and air traffic control processes to cater for the new unmanned aircraft.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

History - Essay Example Since these pieces serve as the most powerful, reliable and authentic sources of exploring the social norms, cultural values, religious rituals, taboos, mores, traditions, conventions, folklore and festivals, the historians, archeologists, cultural anthropologists and intellectuals declare them as the most dynamic donation one has granted to his culture (Walton, 2006). The same is applied to the given passages and pictures representing the Tang and Song dynasties of Medieval China. The given literature endorses the very notion that the elite stratum of the then Chinese society used to enjoy leisure hours after the completion of the tasks and professional obligations of the stratum. Hence, it ratifies Theory of Leisure Class articulated by Thorstein Veblen in 1899 that the elite or leisure class consumes its free hours after work in gossiping, arranging parties and embarking upon literary pursuits (Veblen, 2007). Since this class contained time, resources and opportunities in plenty, it did not have to get worried regarding their income and expenditures etc. Consequently, the class was expected to consume money, take food, drink wine, make fun and rejoice itself through amusement and recreational activities. Renowned English poet of Classical Era Alexander Pope has also elucidated the revelry-making activities of the elite stratum by portraying the everlasting character of the protagonist Belinda in his illustrious Rape of the Lock. The history of ancient cultures of Greece and Rome portray the kings and queen as habitual to dissipation and immoral activities while enjoying their leisure hours (Blond, 2000). The same was the position of the ruling class of Ottoman Empire, India and France. The French Revolution 1789 was actually the thunderous reaction to the dissipation made by the royalty and courtiers at the expense of the poor and downtrodden masses, who paid heavy taxes and thus underwent hunger and starvation for many days for the

The Elimination of the Electoral College Essay Example for Free

The Elimination of the Electoral College Essay With the recent election, a controversy has come up about the eliminating the Electoral College. The Electoral College is made up of a group of electors where they vote for the President and the Vice President based on the states popular vote for the candidate. There are 538 Electoral College votes and in order to win the election, a candidate must have a majority of 270 votes to become the President. When Americans cast their vote, they are actually casting votes for the electors who will then cast their votes for the candidate. So, what’s the issue? Well, the issue is that, â€Å"The current system has the problem that presidential campaigns concentrate on only ten of the fifty states, and at least four out of five Americans are left out of the process of deciding who their president should be,† according to John Koza. In this election alone, President Obama and Governor Romney have visited Ohio a total of seventy-one times because Ohio was a major battleground state. To add on, statistics show that President Obama and Governor Romney have spent about ninety- five percent of their time and money in only ten out of the fifty states. Why? Because those battleground states have citizens who are undecided as to which candidate they should vote for, whereas most of the citizens in other states are decided. Now, let’s say that there was no electoral college and the candidates won by popular vote, chances are that they will spend a lot of their time and money campaigning in heavily populated areas such as the New England states, the South, and the West Coast. This unit has mostly been about public opinion and political participation. It has also been about the election. We learned how people choose the president and we got a general idea about the Electoral College. The Electoral College plays a HUGE role in an election. As I mentioned in the first paragraph, the electors vote for a candidate based on the states popular vote. Take Virginia for example, if you were to look at the counties, you would see that a majority of them voted for Governor Romney. If you were to look at the heavily populated (urban) areas like Richmond or D.C., they voted for President Obama. So, what candidate did the electors place their vote for? President Obama. Just by looking at the map, one would think that Virginia voted republican. The Electoral College was an agreement between the election of a candidate by a vote in Congress and the election of a candidate by popular vote of citizens. I’m sure that back when the Electoral College was formed, no one questioned the fairness of it. The popular vote is basically being spilt from the Electoral College vote. In my opinion, the Electoral College should be eliminated because it should not be electors from each state deciding the â€Å"fate† of our country. It should be the citizens deciding the outcome of an election because after all, that is why we are allowed to vote. I feel that even though we are allowed to vote, our vote doesn’t really count because of the Electoral College. Voting is a great way for our votes to be heard and to exercise one of our many rights, but if the Electoral College is eliminated, then we might as well not vote. Works Cited Page Savage, George . George Savage: Time to eliminate the Electoral College.Madison.com Madison WI news sports entertainment. N.p., 5 Nov. 2012. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. Jeunesse, William La. Time to eliminate the Electoral College? | Fox News. Fox News Breaking News Updates | Latest News Headlines | Photos News Videos. N.p., 5 Nov. 2012. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. . Is it time to eliminate the Electoral College? | TheGazette. Eastern Iowa Breaking News and Headlines | thegazette.com Cedar Rapids, Iowa City. N.p., 6 Nov. 2012. Web. 9 Nov. 2012. .

Essay on Behavior in All Quiet on the Western Front and Lord of the Fli

Comparison of Human Behavior in All Quiet on the Western Front and Lord of the Flies  Ã‚         An author's view of human behavior is often reflected in their works. The novels All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque and Lord of the Flies by William Golding are both examples of works that demonstrate their author's view of man, as well his opinion of war. Golding's Lord of the Flies is highly demonstrative of Golding's opinion that society is a thin and fragile veil that when removed shows man for what he truly is, a savage animal. Perhaps the best demonstration of this given by Golding is Jack's progression to the killing of the sow. Upon first landing on the island Jack, Ralph, and Simon go to survey their new home. Along the way the boys have their first encounter with the island's pigs. They see a piglet caught in some of the plants. Quickly Jack draws his knife so as to kill the piglet. Instead of completing the act, however, Jack hesitates. Golding states that, "The pause was only long enough for them to realize the enormity of what the downward stroke would be." Golding is suggesting that the societal taboos placed on killing are still ingrained within Jack. The next significant encounter in Jack's progression is his first killing of a pig. There is a description of a great celebration. The boys chant "Kill the pig. Cut her thr oat. Spill her blood." It is clear from Golding's description of the revelry that followed the killing that the act of the hunt provided the boys with more than food. The action of killing another living thing gives them pleasure. The last stage in Jack's metamorphosis is demonstrated by the murder of the sow. Golding describes the killing almost as a rape. He says, "Jack was on... ...ough the actions of his characters, attempts to illustrate that under chaotic circumstances, when removed normal society, man reverts to what his nature deems him to be, a destructive creature. Remarque's characters, on the other hand, manage to show compassion and humane treatment of others despite being thrust into a situation more terrible than that of Golding's characters. Where Golding feels war is a result of humankind's vile nature, Remarque sees it as an evil brought about by only a select few.    Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Berkley, 1954. Babb, Howard S. The Novels of William Golding. N.p.: Ohio State UP, 1970. Beetz, Kirk H., ed. Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction. Vol. 5. Osprey: n.p., 1996. 5 vols. Epstein, E. L. Afterword. Lord of the Flies. By William Golding. New York: Berkley, 1954.   

Ethical Leadership

The Importance of Ethical Leadership Ethical leadership is the foundation to successful leadership. There is no substitute for honesty and integrity inside and outside of the workplace. It is something that is extremely difficult to earn back. Once someone's ethical persona has been Jeopardized that person may not ever be able to regain it, especially if that person continues to work among the same peers. Ethical leadership sets the tone for the culture of the organization.In the article The Ethical Commitment to Compliance: Building Value-Based Cultures, it mentions that a study was done to ompare and contrast the effectiveness of a rules-and-punishment approach with a values-and-integrity approach to compliance. They found that programs had fewer reports of unethical conduct, higher levels of ethical awareness, more employees seeking advice about ethical issues, and a higher likelihood of employees reporting violations. These ethics are instilled from the leadership down to the emp loyees. There is clear empirical evidence that a leader and culture built on ethics will benefit the organization through the integrity of its employees. The rticle goes on to say that leaders of an organization can greatly improve the overall quality and integrity of the organization by focusing on the executive leader's policies and the actions of the supervisors to lead with procedural fairness.This shows that ethical leadership can be proven by the equality of the processes that are implemented. The article concludes that the â€Å"role for the ethics and compliance officer [is] a values-based approach, in which organizations seek to motivate employees to develop and act on ethical values† and that it â€Å"is a more effective pproach to managing rule adherence. † The value-based approached discussed in the article is instilled from the top down. It is important that the leadership of the organization establish this ethical standard.Once the employees understand th at ethics are the norm and values will be embraced, it is a lot easier for them to adhere to the ethical standards of the leadership. Any unethical behavior performed by leaders can potentially give peers an excuse to participate in unethical behavior themselves. In the article Who's With Me? False Consensus and Ethical Decision Making, it states â€Å"people tend to see their choices and attitudes as being consistent with others' choices and attitudes, which, in turn, leads them to interpret their actions and beliefs as ‘common and appropriate†.Leaders set the example. If they waiver on their perceived ethical behavior, it could have repercussions with their peers who let unethical behavior become more commonplace. This is further illustrated in the article Rational Cheaters vs. Intrinsic Motivators when it states â€Å"there are conscience-driven employees whose empathy toward their employer overns whether theyll consider cheating†. An employee's view of their leaders may potentially have a corresponding effect with how ethical they are in the workplace.  Also you can read a rather interesting article about an Ethical Flaw.In the article The Leader Machine by Geoff Colvin, it states â€Å"most companies have enunciated values that include respect for the individual, good citizenship and integrity. When company leaders also become leaders of charities, schools, and other nonprofits, they snow their commitment to those values, encouraging and inspiring employees. † This example shows the importance of leadership choosing virtuous principles. Not only should leaders behave ethically, but it is also important to inspire their employees by participating in giving back to the community.Robert Mueller, in the chapter The Networking Leader, wonderfully summarizes â€Å"Trust, mutuality, and ethics are essential. The high road to success lies in cultivating authentic, win-win relationships, inside the organization and out, while operatin g at the highest standards of ethics. † Thus, the evidence continues to point out that ethical leadership is irreplaceable. It is vital to the health and success of any organization achieving for greatness. Ethical Leadership The Importance of Ethical Leadership Ethical leadership is the foundation to successful leadership. There is no substitute for honesty and integrity inside and outside of the workplace. It is something that is extremely difficult to earn back. Once someone's ethical persona has been Jeopardized that person may not ever be able to regain it, especially if that person continues to work among the same peers. Ethical leadership sets the tone for the culture of the organization.In the article The Ethical Commitment to Compliance: Building Value-Based Cultures, it mentions that a study was done to ompare and contrast the effectiveness of a rules-and-punishment approach with a values-and-integrity approach to compliance. They found that programs had fewer reports of unethical conduct, higher levels of ethical awareness, more employees seeking advice about ethical issues, and a higher likelihood of employees reporting violations. These ethics are instilled from the leadership down to the emp loyees. There is clear empirical evidence that a leader and culture built on ethics will benefit the organization through the integrity of its employees. The rticle goes on to say that leaders of an organization can greatly improve the overall quality and integrity of the organization by focusing on the executive leader's policies and the actions of the supervisors to lead with procedural fairness.This shows that ethical leadership can be proven by the equality of the processes that are implemented. The article concludes that the â€Å"role for the ethics and compliance officer [is] a values-based approach, in which organizations seek to motivate employees to develop and act on ethical values† and that it â€Å"is a more effective pproach to managing rule adherence. † The value-based approached discussed in the article is instilled from the top down. It is important that the leadership of the organization establish this ethical standard.Once the employees understand th at ethics are the norm and values will be embraced, it is a lot easier for them to adhere to the ethical standards of the leadership. Any unethical behavior performed by leaders can potentially give peers an excuse to participate in unethical behavior themselves. In the article Who's With Me? False Consensus and Ethical Decision Making, it states â€Å"people tend to see their choices and attitudes as being consistent with others' choices and attitudes, which, in turn, leads them to interpret their actions and beliefs as ‘common and appropriate†.Leaders set the example. If they waiver on their perceived ethical behavior, it could have repercussions with their peers who let unethical behavior become more commonplace. This is further illustrated in the article Rational Cheaters vs. Intrinsic Motivators when it states â€Å"there are conscience-driven employees whose empathy toward their employer overns whether theyll consider cheating†. An employee's view of their leaders may potentially have a corresponding effect with how ethical they are in the workplace.  Also you can read a rather interesting article about an Ethical Flaw.In the article The Leader Machine by Geoff Colvin, it states â€Å"most companies have enunciated values that include respect for the individual, good citizenship and integrity. When company leaders also become leaders of charities, schools, and other nonprofits, they snow their commitment to those values, encouraging and inspiring employees. † This example shows the importance of leadership choosing virtuous principles. Not only should leaders behave ethically, but it is also important to inspire their employees by participating in giving back to the community.Robert Mueller, in the chapter The Networking Leader, wonderfully summarizes â€Å"Trust, mutuality, and ethics are essential. The high road to success lies in cultivating authentic, win-win relationships, inside the organization and out, while operatin g at the highest standards of ethics. † Thus, the evidence continues to point out that ethical leadership is irreplaceable. It is vital to the health and success of any organization achieving for greatness.

Health Education Tool Development Essay

Modify or create a health education tool that is appropriate for your participating family. Ensure that your tool achieves the following:  · Identifies the family’s health and educational needs  · Establishes educational goals and objectives  · Uses appropriate educational methods  · Uses the appropriate language and literacy level  · Is sensitive to the family’s cultural or religious background  · Makes use of the types of technology resources available to the family  · Include all supporting materials (handouts, Internet resources, demonstrations, or sample materials) Explain how you will deliver your health education tool to the participating family. Address the following:  · How the tool was selected, modified, or created  · Why the tool is appropriate for the family  · How the tool addresses the family’s health needs  · How the tool relates to the Healthy People 2020 Health Indicators  · How the tool coordinates with, complements, or replaces community health services  · If you modified an existing health education tool in any way, provide a reference to the original material. Prepare a 10-minute presentation of your health education tool. You many use one of the following formats:  · In class oral presentation  · Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® including speaker’s notes  · Video of yourself presenting the information uploaded to a video sharing website such as Youtube.com (Submit a link to your facilitator)  · Another format approved by your facilitator Note. You will not a†¦ Find needed answers here – https://bitly.com/12BuYnS Speak with your professors daily to build strong relationships. Professors are the ultimate resource and can do a lot to help you along the way. Be sure to help if the opportunity presents itself and ask a lot of questions. Maintaining these good relationships can be advantageous while you are going to college. General Questions – General General Questions Resources: Windshield Survey; Community Assessment; Family Assessment; and Assignment Grading Criteria: Health Education Tool Development and Presentation Modify or create a health education tool that is appropriate for your participating family. Ensure that your tool achieves the following:  · Identifies the family’s health and educational needs  · Establishes educational goals and objectives  · Uses appropriate educational methods  · Uses the appropriate language and literacy level  · Is sensitive to the family’s cultural or religious background  · Makes use of the types of technology resources available to the family  · Include all supporting materials (handouts, Internet resources, demonstrations, or sample materials) Explain how you will deliver your health education tool to the participating family. Address the following:  · How the tool was selected, modified, or created  · Why the tool is appropriate for the family  · How the tool addresses the family’s health needs  · How the tool relates to the Healthy People 2020 Health Indicators  · How the tool coordinates with, complements, or replaces community health services  · If you modified an existing health education tool in any way, provide a reference to the original material. Prepare a 10-minute presentation of your health education tool. You many use one of the following formats:  · In class oral presentation  · Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® including speaker’s notes  · Video of yourself presenting the information uploaded to a video sharing website such as Youtube.com (Submit a link to your facilitator)  · Another format approved by your facilitator Note. You will not actually deliver this health education tool to the participating family. The tool is developed and presented only to your classmates and facilitator. Submit the following with your assignm†¦

Essay on Nicaragua essays

Essay on Nicaragua essays Nicaragua was settled as a colony of Spain in the 1520s. In 1821, Nicaragua gained its independence and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978. This resulted in a short civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista guerrillas in the 1980s. Free elections were held in 1990 and in 1996 saw the Sandinistas defeated. The country slowly rebuilt its economy in the 1990s but it was hit by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and there was wide spread devastation. Nicaragua is the largest country in Central America and is a little bigger than New York. It covers 129,494 square kilometers and it borders Honduras and Costa Rica. Nicaragua has many mountains and fertile valleys while land covers about 120,254 square kilometers. There are three different major zones: 1.) Pacific lowlands, 2.) Central highlands, 3.) Caribbean lowlands. The temperature varies with altitude. The average temperature is 81 degrees in Costal regions. The Tierra Caliente or hot land is 30 degrees Celsius and the night temperatures are 21 to 24 degrees Celsius most of the year. It is usually warm and relative humid in Nicaragua. The Pacific lowlands are more health giving while the Caribbean lowlands are less so. In the east, the annual rainfall is a lot while the west there is not a lot of rainfall. May through October are the wettest months. Near the Costa Rican border, rain can total as much as 250 inches and the Caribbean coast gets more than 100 inches. Cordillera Isabelia is the highest of many mountain ranges that cut the highlands from east to west. The mountain is more than 6,890 ft. high. The range of volcanoes contributes to local earthquakes which rise along the pacific coast. In the east, the swampy Caribbean cos...

Top 10 Excuses You use to Put Off Writing That Paper - EssaySupply.com

Top 10 Excuses You use to Put Off Writing That Paper Top 10 Excuses You use to Put Off Writing That Paper One of the most difficult parts of writing a paper is getting started. There's something about taking that first step and sitting down to research and right that is so challenging to students. It is for this reason that you and other students often come up with excuses to put off the writing you should be doing right now. In fact, we've discovered that some excuses are really popular among students. Check out our top ten list of excuses that students like you use to put off writing that paper. Then, read our suggestions for getting past each excuse so that you can begin writing.         1. The Dorm Room is too Hectic Right Now First, take a minute to consider what you can do to make your place less hectic. Can you ask visitors to come back later? Can you turn down the volume on the tv? Can you close your bedroom door? If these steps don't solve your problem, there are plenty of quiet places to write on campus.          2. I am too Stressed Out From my Busy Day to Think Straight This is a valid reason to give yourself a thirty minute break. Take that time to watch an episode   of a television show, to check your Facebook, or to take a nice hot shower. Then, start writing.  There's no need to waste an entire evening without being at least a little productive.          3. I May not be Writing But I am Thinking About the Assignment If you do this, you are probably coming up with some very good ideas. Unfortunately, if you aren't writing them down, you won't recall most of these ideas later on. At the very least, you should be typing your thoughts into Evernote.          4. I Do My Best Work During the Day/Night Everybody has times when they are more productive than others. If you are truly better off with research paper writing during another time of day, that is fine. This is when you should be working on the more intense portions of your paper. However, you can still do a bit of note taking or light editing right now.          5. There are New Episodes of Orange is the New Black on Netflix This is totally understandable. Go ahead and watch one episode, but then write for at least thirty  minutes before watching another.          6. I Haven't Gone Out With Friends in Over a Week Unfortunately, you may have to make it another day without your friends. If you really want to  see your friends, invite them over for a homework session.                        7. I'll Do it Right After I Clean my Room This is fine if your room is truly so messy that it is distracting. Just make sure that you aren't rearranging your CD collection two hours later instead of writing your paper.          8. I Need to Get Some Sleep. I Will Start in the Morning If you are truly sleep deprived, you are making a good decision. If your version of sleep is  scrolling through Tumblr while laying in bed,   you can probably at least get out a paragraph or    two.          9. I Cannot Think of a Topic Good news! There is a solution to this. It involves sitting down and brainstorming topic ideas. If  you are truly stuck, try hitting the internet for some inspiration.         10. I Just Don't Understand the Subject Focus on what you do know. If you aren't able to get any writing done, you can try spending  some time writing out some questions for your instructor. This way you can get a bit of clarification.

Business Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Decision Making - Essay Example Reason for colleting the primary and secondary data for the given business problem helps to reach the authentic decision to advice the clients in Spain, France and Italy. As the manager of the company, preparation of most suitable plan for primary and secondary data collection is very much necessary. â€Å"Data Collection helps your team to assess the health of your process. To do so, you must identify the key quality characteristics, you will measure, how you will measure them, and what you will do with the data you collect† (Module 7: Data Collection n.d. p. 1). Here I am working for the manager of a property company in UK and also at the same time our company deals with properties in other places like Spain, France and Italy. There are more than 100 clients, who are  interested in buying properties particularly in Spain. That’s the reason why, all these countries are frequently asking questions regarding the property. Taking in to the mind the respondents, it is th e best way to get the information appropriate. This enables to understand various revealed complexities. Primary Data:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Primary research method is one of the widely used methods to collect information from the respondents in order to make the proper decision regarding the sell or renting the property.   The primary methods are used to make the most appropriate decision and also to give advice to the overseas Questioners and survey. Primary research has been selected for the reason that primary research offers the creative information that is required for the function of the study and is primarily required for the study. It is prepared by gathering of primary information. Questionnaires Method:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questionnaires method is one of methods used to gather information from the target customers to acquire the relevant information. A questionnaire is one of the well-built research apparatus and it encloses the various questions and some of the other suitable matters for the reason of gathering data's from clients. After the information collected from the questionnaire, next step is to study the information with the help tables and charts. The structuring of questionnaire is on the score base, which facilitates the respondent to take the appropriate decision. Majority of the questions in this are based on given situation. This supports the foreign countries to respond without doubt. The questionnaire is arranged in a simple way, which makes him to pursue the pattern in an easy way. Most of the questions are arranged in a simple way, to help the clients to follow the questions easily. Questionnaires consist of 10 main questions that will helps to make the most appropriate decision. The structuring of questionnaire should be cautiously designed in accordance to the preconditions of accuracy and relevance. Questionnaires are an appraisal method, which is very well-known to most educators. â€Å"Questionnaires, paper or elec tronic, consist of a set of questions or items that are designed for a selected group of people, such as teachers, administrators, parents, students, or others. Questionnaires vary in length, focus, and types of items, such as checklists, scaled items or open-ended questions and are particularly useful in gathering data from large groups of people about perceptions, attitudes, intended actions or application of learning† (Preparing to Collect Data n.d.).    Survey Method:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Surveys are one of the approaches used to gather the data's to investigate and make a proper idea regarding the business problem. It is the method that the majority of the organizations use to collect the clients view on given subject. â€Å"The Survey method is the technique of gathering data by asking questions to people, who are thought to have desired information. A formal

A Plan For Productivity Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Plan For Productivity Improvement - Essay Example This plan may be improved if Grady would consider motivating the employees to accomplish the organization’s goals. Here, instead of asking them to set personal goals, Grady should encourage them to contribute ideas that would be considered when setting the goals of the organization. This would not only ensure that the employees feel that they are valued and that they have control of the organization’s decisions to a significant extent but also create goals that are unanimously accepted. Moreover, instead of concentrating on motivating them using money, Grady can consider different ways such as improving the working environment to make it safer. The chances that the employees would lose interest of Grady’s plan after a short success are high. This is because employees require flexibility so as to maintain a lively atmosphere. In order to ensure that the organization remains lively, creativity is called upon to not only improve the existing strategies to make them better but also establish new ones. This would not only guarantee higher productivity from the employees but also ensure organization’s survival amid competition. Therefore, the organization must devise strategies to not only improve it but also ensure that it does to bring boredom to the

How can product innovation help build competitive advantage for Essay

How can product innovation help build competitive advantage for cosmetic firms in London Case Unilever - Essay Example The researcher states that intense competition from globalisation, more sophisticated consumers from the fragmentation of markets, and constant changes in technology have forced the companies in the last two decades to focus on the process of product development. These three forces that lead to the process of product development also intensified competition between firms. According to Porter the process of product development is characterised by the continuing need to research new materials and introduction of innovations in their product lines. This fact can be considered an important factor to competitiveness in the sector. In this highly competitive and globalised world, according to Gerry and Whittington, companies have changed the way they conduct business. However, organisation must bring new ideas such as product innovation and management, which can be used as a tool to achieve higher productivity. The modern enterprise world is full of innovation that can help build competiti ve advantage. In virtually every field companies are faced with new products, new processes and new services which are available to the consumer market at a pace never seen before. The velocity of the transformations of the last decade is impressing even in the largest companies.To achieve a position of market leadership it is not the product quality that matters; product innovation is an essential ingredient to gain competitive advantage. Products, processes and services are the new aggregate values which generate advantages over competitors. Innovators have a considerable advantage over the other participants in various consumer markets. (Burgelman and Grove 2007). In the past decade, product innovation has been approached by many authors, scholars, businessmen and academics. Every business wants to be innovative, but they sometimes encounter obstacles and difficulties which block the path to product innovation. In trying to be innovative in the pursuit to gain competitive advanta ge, an organization can face several difficulties. For instance, there could be restriction of resources or they could have difficulties in implementing an environmental and an innovative organisational culture that emerge due to the resistance (Makari 2000). In addition, they may not reach a suitable level of innovation. The cosmetics industry includes the areas of personal care, perfumery and cosmetics. The cosmetics companies focus on product development to gain competitive advantage. The product development process, according to Gill and Johnson (2011), is characterised by the continuing need for research in new materials and introduction of innovations in its product lines. This fact can be considered an important factor to achieve competitiveness in the sector. There is heterogeneity in this industry, because of the presence of large international companies, diversified and specialised in the sector of cosmetics, is contrasted with a large number of small and medium-sized comp anies with operations focused in the production of cosmetics (Gill and Johnson 2011). According to Gerry and Whittington (2011) transnational corporations adopt strategies defined with respect to the development of new products by investing in specialised centres of research and development (R & D), in partnerships that are external and in management processes with structured knowledge. Small and medium sized businesses often lack the necessary capital to carry out research and development. They are apprehensive of investment or an economic-financial situation as they are aware of the risks inherent in new product development. Also, many of these companies do not have knowledge management essential for product development processes.. London predominantly has the presence of l

Discussing Roles And Responsibilities Of Newly Qualified Nurse Nursing Essay

Discussing Roles And Responsibilities Of Newly Qualified Nurse Nursing Essay The aim of this essay is to explore and discuss important aspects of the roles and responsibilities of the newly qualified nurse. It will discuss an overview of different type of roles and responsibilities including transition. The roles and responsibilities of a qualified nurse include essential professional skills such as leading in care management and care delivery situations as well as maintaining standards of care. The focus of the essay will be on two chosen roles of newly qualified nurses (delegation and patient group direction). It will discuss the meaning of these concepts and their importance for nurses, and provide some practical contextual examples. It will also discuss the rational of chosen roles A new qualified nurse expected to be competent to work in all environments and situations. This emerging health care system requires a registered Nurse workforce at all levels post initial registration capable of critical reflective thinking in order to create this system. With registration comes a shift in professional accountability together with wider clinical management and teaching responsibilities. On becoming a qualified nurse, the expectations and dynamics of relationships changes fundamentally. Suddenly the newly qualified nurse is the one who must know the answer whether it is a query from a patient, a career, a work colleague or a student. The newly qualified nurse will encounter many challenging situations where she or he must lead care delivery. This includes dealing with care management within the team, dealing with patients/service users, dealing with other professionals, and dealing with the required needs of the whole workplace environment. The NMC requires a student nurse to demonstrate professional and ethical practice, be competent in care delivery and care management and show personal and professional development in order to join the register NMC (2010). It is recognized that nurses should be provided with some form of preceptorship and supervision in their role for a period of four months time NMC (2006)) once qualified. Even in this period of preceptorship, there are new expectations and challenges faced by the newly qualified nurse. Mooney (2007) found that newly qualified nurses were faced with assumptions from others that they should know everything. This was also a high expectation they had of themselves. In meeting the NMC standards of proficiency the nurse should have demonstrated the relevant knowledge and skills in order to practise in their career. However, it is important to recognise that not every nurse knows everything about everything in their career especially if they are practising in highly specialized fields. What they need is to be able to develop and adapt to changing situations. Therefore, for the nurse it is impossible to know everything but they should have developed the skills to find out relevant information, reflect on it, and apply this to their practice. In essence they should have learned how to learn. There is a great deal to be learned once qualified, especially related to a nurses new area of work and a good deal of the development needs to take place on the job. The study by Jackson. K (2005) suggested that a successful transition requires the nurse to develop a self-image relevant to the change in status to be able to do the job and that they meet the expectations with others with appropriate support. Mooney (2007) also points out that the duties faced by most newly qualified nurses were not patient contact centred. There were a lot of duties related to contacting and dealing with other professionals and services. These brought anxieties related to the responsibilities that might be faced as the nurses would become increasingly senior in their roles with others expecting them to provide the actions and the answers in complex situations. This highlights how the experience of nursing of transition from student to newly qualified nurse can be daunting. In the current environment there is an expectation that nurses have a preceptor one qualifying for aid in these transitions but the literature still suggests there is a difficulty in the transit ion process for such professionals. Hole. J, (2009) found that individual accountability, delegating duties without appearing bossy and some challenging clinical situations such as death and dying and specialised technological roles were found to be stressful by qualifying nurses. Issues of the preceptorship of newly qualified nurses become apparent and important in dealing with the transition from supervised student to autonomous practitioner. The approach taken throughout the rest of this essay will be to provide a discussion of the main theories, concepts, and issues related to the roles and responsibilities of delegation and PGD for newly qualified nurses. It will discuss the meaning of these concepts and their importance for nurses, and provide some practical contextual examples. The rational of choosing these two roles are because: Firstly delegation is a huge newly qualified nurses concern. According Hole. J, (2005) newly qualified nurses are not capable to delegate tasks to someone else and they end up overloading themselves. This is because an accountability issue or not knowing the staffs well as they is new to the ward. Secondly, it is a legal requirement that newly qualified nurses need to have knowledge of PGDs in order to work within legal and ethical frameworks that underpin safe and effective medicines management NMC (2010). For this reason, I personally was interested and picked them to discuss in order to develop my understanding and prepare me to successfully make the transition from student nurse to a registered professional. Delegation is the process by which responsibility and authority for performing a task is transferred to another individual who accepts that authority and responsibility. Although the delegator remains accountable for the task, the delegate is also accountable to the delegator for the responsibilities assumed. Delegation can help others to develop or enhance their skills, promotes teamwork and improves productivity Sollivan.E.J et al (2009). Therefore, delegation is the area where newly qualified staff experience huge difficulties. Often they do not feel confident enough to ask someone else to do something for them. Consequently, they try to do all of the work themselves and end up leaving late or providing less than adequate standards of care. Other members of staff will not mind if they delegate tasks to them, as long as they apply the basic rules such as ensuring that it is something they are competent to do. When delegating, the delegator remain responsible for that care if he/she do not delegate appropriately as stated by NMC (2008). It is also important that the delegator explained clearly what it is he/she want them to do and why because he/she might genuinely busy or is it just something that he/she does not want to do. Hole.J, (2005) explained that As long as he/she asks the other member of staff in a courteous manner and stick to the rules, there will be few problems. However, there may always be someone who has the potential to react in a negative way to his/her request. These people are often known for this type of behaviour and it should be dealt with swiftly by their manager. This type of reaction experience should be discussed with the member of staff or if he/she not feels confident enough to do this, he/she should talk to the manager. As mention above this will be a difficult skill for a newly qualified nurse especially at first. They will need to get to know the other staff before they will feel truly comfortable delegating to others in the team. They may feel guilty about asking others to do tasks which they feel that they should be doing themselves. What they need to realise is that they cannot possibly do everything themselves and that they will need to work as a team in order to deliver good patient care. The new qualified nurses may well feel that they cannot ask others especially HCAs who have worked on the ward for years to do things for them. The nurse will probably feel self-conscious and embarrassed. The answer is that it is not what the nurse asks them to do that are important. It is how he/she asks them. Good communication is the key to successful delegation. The nurse should take a few minutes to discuss with the HCA/student with whom he/she is working who will be doing what during that shift. Share the workload and be realistic. Therefore the newly qualified nurses must not overload themselves with care they do not really think they can give. The member of staff would rather know what their workload is at the beginning of the shift so that they can organise their time effectively. If the delegator has to ask them to take on extra work during the shift, they will find this difficult. So the delegator should keep communicating with them during the shift, and if he/she is held up with relatives or an acutely ill patient, he/she should tell them and explain that he/she will try to help them as soon as possible. When the new qualified nurses are delegating, it is important to ensure that this is appropriate as it is their responsibility to ensure that the member of staff to whom they delegate is competent to perform the task. This means that if they delegate a task to a member of staff who is not competent and they perform the task wrongly, they are accountable for the harm caused to the patient. Although the member of staff responsible, they remain accountable. For example, they cannot assume that the HCA/student with whom they are working is competent in the skill of measuring and recording a patients blood pressure. Just because the member of staff has worked on that ward for a period of time, this does not mean that they have been taught correctly. They must assess their competence to perform the task before they allow them to do this independently. They can then justify their delegation of that skill if necessary. Patient Group Direction (PGD) is a written instruction for the supply and/or administration of a licensed medicine (medicines) in an identified clinical situation signed by a doctor or a dentist and pharmacist. It applies to a group of patients who may not be individually identified before presenting for treatment NPC (2009), page 11. In simple terms, a PGD is the supply and/or administration of a specified medicine or medicines by named authorised health professionals for a group of patients requiring treatment for the condition described in the PGD. The health professional must be registered. Implementing PGDs may be appropriate both in circumstances where groups of patients may not have been previously identified for example, minor injuries and first contact services and in services where assessment and treatment follows a clearly predictable pattern such as immunisation, family planning and so on. Professionals using a PGD must be registered or equivalent members of their profession and act within their appropriate code of professional conduct. This differs from supplementary prescribers and independent prescribers who must also successfully complete specific prescribing training and be appropriately registered before they may prescribe. However, organisations using PGDs must designate an appropriate person within the organisation. For example, a clinical supervisor, line manager or General Practitioner to ensure that only fully competent, qualified and trained healthcare professionals use PGDs. Individual practitioners using a PGD must be named A Patient Group Direction allows specified registered healthcare professionals to supply or administer a medicine directly to a patient with an identified clinical condition without him/her necessarily seeing a prescriber. So, patients may present directly to health care professionals using PGDs in their services without seeing a doctor. Alternatively, the patient may have been referred by a doctor to another service. Whichever way the patient presents, the healthcare professional working within the PGD is responsible for assessing that the patient fits the criteria set out in the PGD. In general, a PGD is not meant to be a long-term means of managing a patients clinical condition. This is best achieved by a health care professional prescribing for an individual patient on a one-to-one basis. Before a healthcare professional can use a PGD, he/she must be named and have signed the PGD documentation. This generally takes the form of signatures and names on a list or individual forms that are attached to the PGD itself or held by the service or organisation. Employees of NHS organisations authorising a PGD generally have indemnity attached to their status as an employee. This may also apply to non-NHS organisations. However, the organisations and employees involved should always check that this is the case. If the professional is not directly employed by the organisation, he/she still needs to be assessed as competent to use the PGD and must have his/her own relevant professional indemnity or insurance. These issues have implications for service delivery when new staff begins, or agency staff are covering services. They may not be able to work under a PGD immediately or may be excluded because of their employment status. Service managers need to be aware of these issues and plan service delivery to accommodate them. The use of PGDs is widespread throughout the NHS and since April 2003, some non-NHS organisations have been able to use them suggested by NPC (2009). Organisations must ensure that staff responsible for the development / implementation of PGDs and those authorised to work under PGDs have the experience, knowledge and skills necessary to do so. Unlike supplementary prescribers, nurse independent prescribers and healthcare professionals using PGDs do not have to become specifically qualified to do so. But they must be assessed by their organisations as fully competent, qualified and trained to operate within a PGD. A suitably competent and experienced healthcare professional who will be working under the PGD should be involved in the writing of the PGD, to ensure that the PGD meets the needs of the service. The role by RCN (2004) proposes that the registered nurse must be assessed as competent in medicines administration, Must be trained to operate within a PGDMust follow the 6 Rs of medicines administration Usually need to be qualified for at least 6 months Must assess the patient to ensure they fit the criteria as detailed in the PGD Must ensure the PGD meets the necessary legal requirements Cannot delegate the supplying/dispensing or administration stage to another registered nurse or student nurse. There is no specific national training for healthcare professionals producing PGDs The newly qualified nurses are not expected to be able to operate under a PGD until competent in medicines administration. However, they need to have knowledge of PGDs for their patient safety. For example, if patient under PGD admitted to the ward, the nurse must ensure that the medicines not stopped. The NMC (2010) code of conduct outline that newly qualified nurses to be fully understood all methods of supplying medicines. This includes Medicines Act exemptions, patient group directions (PGDs), clinical management plans and other forms of prescribing. They are expected to demonstrate knowledge and application of the principles required for safe and effective supply and administration via a patient group direction including an understanding of role and accountability. And also demonstrate how to supply and administer via a patient group direction. The newly qualified nurses may be involved with PGDs such as assisting and identifying areas where a PGD would offer more benefits than a PSD, understand the principles and processes of PGDs and be fully conversant with all the principles associated with dispensing and administering medicines they may also be working in a variety of settings where PGDs are used for example prison health care setting, nurse led service, walk in centres In my conclusion, I have learnt the roles and responsibilities of newly qualified nurses and I have developed skills and professional knowledge to work effectively with others. The NMC (2010) code of conduct helped me how the laws and policies are set up to ensure safe and effective delivery of care given to service users under a patient group direction. I am now prepared for the challenges I will face on being a newly qualified nurse by providing the knowledge and skills required to become effective and accountable practitioners. Clinical decisions will still have to be made in relation to meeting the needs of the people within my care. However, becoming a qualified nurse brings with its wider responsibilities in making and taking decisions related to the nursing team, other staff, and the work environment as a whole. These changes require a large shift from the experience of being a student and a mentored supervised learner, so it is essential that I am equipped with all the skills required to successfully make the transition.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

Capital Punishment: Against More money is spent executing humans than keeping them in a penitentiary for life. Compared to capital punishment, life in prison is far worse. Mistakes may be made and no one can bring another human back to life. Juries are often white and this may lead to racial decisions. Of the 144 executions since the 1976 reinstatement of the death penalty in the U.S., not one white person has been executed for killing a black. Of the 16,000 executions in U.S. history, only 30 cases involved a white sentenced for killing a black. Therefore, no one, including the government, should have the power to tell another human that they must be put to death, no matter what they commit. Today's government and justice system is not as efficient as it should be. If a mistake is made in an execution sentence and an innocent person dies, no one can bring their life back. Now, if the death penalty did not exist, the person would still have their life. Juries also have to think about the families, both of the victim and the suspect. What if the suspect did not commit the murder and was executed? How would the suspect's family feel? A close relative had just died due to the fact that another mistake was made in our justice system. This in fact would send a rush of anger through my body. The justice system killed somebody's family member. The death penalty should not even exist, due to the fact that many mistakes can be made, and a life can never be brought back. Juries have been and still are mostly consisted of the white majority. Racism and money is a big part of our everyday lives. With the majority of people in the jury consisted of whites, racism might in fact be involved. Now, if a black family is poor and does not have much money, the suspect may then be issued a racist attorney. Many cases have been recorded of this happening, both of innocent and guilty men. Innocent men again were put to death, this time due to their skin color. This is just another reason leading to how poor our justice system is, and why it should not be in effect. There are few oppositions to not having the death penalty in effect. The main concern with not having the death penalty in effect is that people would not care as much when they committed a crime. Now, if the death penalty was in effect, people would think twice about their mistake before committing it.